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99% Purity L-Carnitine-L-tartrate​ CAS 36687-82-8

99% Purity L-Carnitine-L-tartrate​ CAS 36687-82-8

L-Carnitine-L-tartrate​ CAS 36687-82-8 is a well-defined, crystalline salt formed through the ionic bonding of one molecule of L-carnitine (the biologically active enantiomer) and one molecule of L-tartaric acid (the naturally occurring enantiomer). It is specifically engineered as a superior solid form of carnitine for dietary supplements and functional foods. L-Carnitine-L-tartrate is a ​non-hygroscopic, highly stable salt form of L-carnitine, specifically engineered for superior manufacturing and performance. It delivers the essential metabolic benefits of L-carnitine with added advantages for physical recovery, excelling in solid-dose and powdered supplement formulations where stability and clinical validation are paramount.

 

  • Name :

    L-Carnitine-L-tartrate​
  • CAS No. :

    36687-82-8
  • MF :

    C₁₁H₁₉NO₈
  • MW :

    293.27
  • Purity :

    99%
  • Appearance :

    White to off-white,crystalline powder.
  • Storage Condition :

    Sealed in dry,Room Temperature.

Chemical Properties

IUPAC Name:​​ (3R)-3-Hydroxy-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate; (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate (1:1)

​Chemical Formula:​​ C₁₁H₁₉NO₈

​Molecular Weight:​​ 293.27 g/mol

​Structure:​​ A 1:1 molar salt. The cationic species is L-carnitine (often represented in its zwitterionic form at physiological pH). The anionic species is the bitartrate (or hydrogen tartrate) ion derived from L-tartaric acid. It is typically produced and supplied as a fine, crystalline powder.

​Appearance:​​ White to off-white, free-flowing, crystalline powder. It is odorless or has a very faint, characteristic odor.

​Melting Point:​​ Decomposes at approximately ​185-195 °C.

​Solubility:​​ ​Highly soluble in water​ (> 500 g/L). Very low solubility in organic solvents like ethanol, acetone, or ether.

​Stability:​​Excellent physical and chemical stability.​​ Its defining advantage is ​extremely low hygroscopicity, meaning it does not absorb moisture from the air. This prevents caking, ensures long-term powder flowability, and protects against degradation, making it ideal for manufacturing.

​pH of Solution:​​ A 1% aqueous solution typically has a pH of ​3.0 - 4.0, due to the tartaric acid component.

​Specific Rotation:​​ [α]²⁰/D = Approximately ​​-20° to -24°​ (c = 5 in H₂O). This confirms the high optical purity of both the L-carnitine and L-tartrate components.

​Active Content:​​ Contains approximately ​68-70% by weight​ of L-carnitine-L-tartrate salt, delivering ​~54% elemental L-carnitine.

 

Biological Activities

The biological activity is conferred solely by the L-carnitine moiety. The tartrate anion improves the compound's physicochemical properties and may slightly enhance absorption but is not considered pharmacologically active in this context.

​Primary Metabolic Role:​​ Serves as an ​essential cofactor for the transport of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) into the mitochondrial matrix. This process is mandatory for LCFA β-oxidation, a major pathway for ATP (energy) production, especially in skeletal and cardiac muscle.

​Clinically Researched Benefits in Exercise Physiology:​​

​(1)Accelerates Recovery:​​ Robust clinical trials show it significantly reduces biochemical markers of muscle damage (e.g., serum creatine kinase) and decreases the perception of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) following strenuous exercise.

​(2)Reduces Metabolic Stress:​​ Attenuates exercise-induced oxidative stress and improves the clearance of metabolic waste products.

​(3)Supports Oxygen Utilization:​​ Some studies indicate a role in enhancing the efficiency of oxygen-dependent energy production in muscles.

​Safety Profile:​​ Inherits the excellent safety and tolerability of L-carnitine. No serious adverse effects are associated with supplementation at recommended doses.

 

Biosynthesis

L-Carnitine-L-tartrate is not a natural product; it is produced via controlled industrial synthesis.

​Step 1: Production of L-Carnitine.​​ Achieved through:

​1.Microbial Fermentation (Preferred):​​ Using genetically optimized strains of bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli). This method yields the pure, bio-identical L-enantiomer and aligns with natural/organic market preferences.

​2.Chemical Synthesis:​​ Starting from precursors like epichlorohydrin, followed by chiral resolution to isolate the L-form.

​Step 2: Salt Formation with L-Tartaric Acid.​​ High-purity L-carnitine is reacted with an equimolar amount of food-grade L-tartaric acid (typically derived from natural sources like grapes or produced via fermentation) in an aqueous solution under controlled pH and temperature.

​Step 3: Isolation & Purification.​​ The resulting L-Carnitine-L-tartrate is crystallized out of solution, then washed, dried, and milled to achieve the desired particle size distribution and bulk density for consistent use in formulations.

 

Applications

  • #
    Sports & Fitness Nutrition (Primary Market)
    Post-Workout/Recovery Products:​​ The flagship application. Incorporated into recovery powders, protein blends, and ready-to-drink (RTD) shakes to reduce muscle soreness and speed up the return to peak performance.
    ​Endurance Formulas:​​ Added to pre-workout supplements aimed at enhancing fat metabolism and glycogen sparing during prolonged athletic activities.
    Weight Management Aids:​​ Included in metabolic or fat-loss supplements for its role in facilitating fat utilization.
  • #
    Clinical & Medical Nutrition
    Used in specialized medical foods or electrolyte replacement formulations where a stable, bioavailable source of L-carnitine is required, such as for patients with certain metabolic disorders or secondary carnitine deficiency.
     
  • #
    Functional Foods & Beverages
    Ideal for fortifying solid products like nutrition bars, chews, and powdered drink mixes where moisture control and ingredient stability are critical to product shelf life and quality.
     

 

 

Key Advantages & Benefits

1. Superior Physical Stability for Flawless Manufacturing​

​Benefit:​​ Its ​non-hygroscopic, free-flowing crystalline nature​ prevents moisture absorption, caking, and clumping. This ensures consistent powder flow in automated equipment, precise dosing, and long-term shelf stability without special packaging.

​Application Scenario:​​ In a ​high-speed encapsulation line for a post-workout recovery supplement, L-Carnitine-L-tartrate flows smoothly from hoppers without bridging or sticking, guaranteeing each capsule contains the exact 1-gram dose. This eliminates production downtime for cleaning and minimizes product waste, directly improving manufacturing yield and cost-effectiveness.

​2. Clinically Validated for Exercise Recovery & Performance​

​Benefit:​​ This specific salt form is backed by ​peer-reviewed human clinical trials​ demonstrating its efficacy in reducing markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase), decreasing oxidative stress, and alleviating delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS).

​Application Scenario:​​ A ​sports nutrition brand formulates a premium recovery powder​ targeting elite athletes. By using L-Carnitine-L-tartrate at the clinically studied 2g/day dose, they can make a ​​"Reduces Muscle Soreness"​​ structure/function claim supported by scientific evidence, providing a competitive edge and building trust with informed consumers.

​3. Optimized for End-User Experience​

​Benefit:​​ The tartrate salt contributes a ​mild, pleasant tartness​ that can enhance the flavor profile of drink mixes, and its high solubility ensures a clear, grit-free solution. It is also associated with ​excellent gastrointestinal tolerance​ at effective doses.

​Application Scenario:​​ In a ​refreshing citrus-flavored intra-workout electrolyte drink, L-Carnitine-L-tartrate dissolves instantly without residue. Its subtle tartness complements the flavor system, while its tolerance profile prevents any gastric discomfort during intense training, supporting both hydration and recovery in a single product.

​4. Supply Chain Reliability & Clean-Label Appeal​

​Benefit:​​ Produced via ​fermentation (non-animal source)​​ and paired with naturally derived L-tartaric acid, it aligns with vegan, vegetarian, and clean-label trends. Its consistent quality and stability simplify inventory management and reduce risk of batch failure.

​Application Scenario:​​ A ​vegan supplement company​ sourcing ingredients can confidently use L-Carnitine-L-tartrate, verifying its microbial origin for their marketing. Its stability allows for longer warehouse storage and international shipping without degradation, ensuring product potency from factory to consumer.

 

L-Carnitine-L-tartrate (CAS 36687-82-8)​​ is the ​formulator's choice for sports recovery supplements​ and the ​athlete's choice for evidence-based results. Its advantages are twofold: ​practical and performance-based. From a manufacturing perspective, it solves the critical stability and handling problems associated with base L-carnitine. From a consumer and marketing perspective, it delivers clinically substantiated benefits for muscle recovery and metabolic support. For brands creating high-quality performance nutrition products, it represents the optimal intersection of scientific validation, production reliability, and end-user efficacy, justifying its position as the premium L-carnitine source for the sports nutrition industry.

 

FAQs

Q1: What is the single biggest advantage of using L-Carnitine-L-tartrate in my supplement formula?​​

​A: Unmatched Manufacturing Stability.​​ Unlike L-carnitine base (which is highly hygroscopic, sticky, and prone to caking), L-Carnitine-L-tartrate is a ​dry, free-flowing, non-hygroscopic powder. This ensures consistent mixing, accurate dosing in automated encapsulation/tableting lines, and long-term product integrity without the need for special humidity-controlled processing.

​Q2: How does it differ from Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR), and which is better for muscle recovery?​​

​A: They have distinct applications.​​

​1.L-Carnitine-L-tartrate​ is ​optimized for physical recovery. Its research specifically demonstrates reduced muscle damage and soreness post-exercise. It's the form of choice for sports recovery products.

​2.Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR)​​ is ​optimized for cognitive function. The acetyl group allows it to cross the blood-brain barrier more efficiently, supporting brain energy and focus. It is not the primary form for muscle recovery.

​3.For recovery, L-Carnitine-L-tartrate is the clinically supported choice.​​

​Q3: What is the proven, effective daily dosage for recovery benefits?​​

​A:​​ The dosage used in key clinical studies showing significant reductions in muscle damage markers and soreness is ​2 grams (2000 mg) of L-Carnitine-L-tartrate per day. This is typically consumed as a single serving, often within the post-workout period.

​Q4: Is this ingredient vegan and allergen-friendly?​​

​A: Typically, yes.​​ Modern production via microbial fermentation for L-carnitine and microbial or plant-based sourcing for L-tartaric acid means it is ​free from animal derivatives. It is also generally gluten-free, soy-free, and allergen-neutral. Always confirm with your supplier's allergen and vegan statements for absolute certainty.

​Q5: Are there any known side effects or interactions?​​

​A:​​ It is ​Very Well-Tolerated (GRAS status)​. At the standard 2g/day dosage, side effects are uncommon. A very small percentage of individuals may experience mild gastrointestinal discomfort (e.g., nausea) at very high intakes. It does not interact with stimulants like caffeine and is not a stimulant itself.

​Q6: What are the key specifications I must request from a supplier?​​

​A:​​ Insist on a ​Certificate of Analysis (CoA)​​ that specifies:

1.​Identity & Purity:​​ HPLC assay confirming ≥98% L-Carnitine-L-tartrate.

​2.Elemental Content:​​ Specification for L-carnitine content (~54%).

​3.Chiral Purity:​​ Specific optical rotation within the negative range (confirming L-form).

​4.Physical Properties:​​ Particle size analysis and bulk density for blending consistency.

​5.Safety:​​ Full compliance with limits for heavy metals, residual solvents, and microbiological contaminants per relevant pharmacopoeia (USP/EP).

​Q7: Why might a formulator choose this over the cheaper L-carnitine base?​​

​A: Total Cost of Ownership.​​ While the base form has a lower price per kilo, its hygroscopic nature leads to ​hidden costs: clogged machinery, inconsistent tablet weights, product clumping, shortened shelf life, and potential reformulation. L-Carnitine-L-tartrate offers ​predictable performance, reliability, and superior final product quality, reducing waste and production headaches, which often makes it more cost-effective overall.

 

 

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